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Making process control valve choices

Control valves are used to manage the flow rate of a liquid or a gas and in-turn control the temperature, pressure or liquid level within a process. As such, they are defined by the way in which they operate to control flow and include globe valves, angle seat, diaphragm, quarter-turn, knife and needle valves, to name a few. In most cases the valve bodies are made from metal; either brass, forged steel or in hygienic applications 316 stainless steel.

Actuators will use an on-board system to measure the position of the valve with varying degrees of accuracy, depending on the application. A contactless, digital encoder can place the valve in any of a thousand positions, making it very accurate, while more rudimentary measurements can be applied to less sensitive designs.

One of the main areas of debate when specifying control valves is determining the size of the valve required. Often process engineers will know the pipe diameter used in an application and it is tempting to take that as the control valve’s defining characteristic. Of greater importance are the flow conditions within the system as these will dictate the size of the orifice within the control valve. The pressure either side of the valve and the expected flow rate are essential pieces of information when deciding on the valve design.

Inside the valve body, the actuator design is often either a piston or a diaphragm design. The piston design typically offers a smaller, more compact valve which is also lighter and easier to handle than the diaphragm designs. Actuators are usually made from stainless steel or polyphenolsulpide (PPS), which is a chemically-resistant plastic. The actuator is topped off by the control head or positioner.

Older, pneumatically operated positioners had a flapper/nozzle arrangement and operated on 3-15psi, so no matter what the state of the valve, open closed or somewhere in between, the system was always expelling some compressed air to the atmosphere.

Compressed air is an expensive commodity, requiring considerable energy to generate and when a manufacturing line is equipped with multiple pressure relief valve all venting to the atmosphere, this can equate to a considerable waste of energy. It is important to not only establish the most appropriate valve design, but also a cost-effective solution that takes account of annual running costs.

Modern, digital, electro-pneumatic valves that use micro-solenoid valves to control the air in and out of the actuator have introduced significant improvements for operators. This design means that while the valve is fully open, fully closed or in a steady state, it is not consuming any air. This, and many other engineering improvements, have made substantial advances in both economy and precision.

Valve seats can be interchangeable within a standard valve body, which allows the valve to fit existing pipework and the valve seat to the sized to the application more accurately. In some cases, this can be achieved after the valve has been installed, which would enable a process change to be accommodated without replacing the complete valve assembly.

Selecting the most appropriate seal materials is also an important step to ensure reliable operation; Steam processes would normally use metal-to-metal seals, whereas a process that included a sterilization stage may require chemically resistant seals.

Setting up and installing a new valve is now comparatively easy and much less time-consuming. In-built calibration procedures should be able perform the initial setup procedures automatically, measuring the air required to open and close the valve, the resistance of the piston seals on the valve stem and the response time of the valve itself.

Improving safety

Control valves should be specified so they operate in the 40-85% range so if the valve is commanded to a 10% setting, it can detect if something has potentially gone wrong with the control system and the best course of action is to close the valve completely. If the valve is commanded to a position of 10% or less this can cause very high fluid or gas velocities, which have damaging effects on the system and cause considerable noise and damage to the valve itself.

Modern control functionality can offer a solution that acts as a safety device to prevent damage to the process pipework and components. By building in a fail-safe mechanism, any valve position setting below a pre-set threshold will result in the valve closing completely, preventing damage to the surrounding system.

Control inputs can also include safety circuits to ensure safe operating conditions within the process equipment. For example, if an access panel on a vessel containing steam is opened, an interlock switch will open and the valve controlling the steam supply to the vessel can be automatically closed, helping mitigate any risks.

Improving reliability

Many process control environments offer less than ideal conditions for long-term reliability. Moisture-laden atmospheres, corrosive chemicals and regular wash-downs all have the capacity to shorten the service life of common rail control valve F00vc01334. One of the potential weaknesses of the actuator is the spring chamber where atmospheric air is drawn in each time the valve operates.

One solution is to use clean, instrument air to replenish the spring chamber, preventing any contamination from entering. This offers a defense against the ingress of airborne contaminants by diverting a small amount of clean control air into the control head, maintaining a slight positive pressure, thus achieving a simple, innovative solution. This prevents corrosion of the internal elements and can make a significant improvement to reliability and longevity in certain operating conditions.

While choosing the most appropriate process control valve can be a complex task, it is often best achieved with the assistance of expert knowledge. Working directly with manufacturers or knowledgeable distributors enables process control systems to be optimized for long-term reliability as well as precision and efficiency.

Damien Moran is field segment manager, Hygienic – Pharmaceutical at Bürkert. This article originally appeared on the Control Engineering Europe website. Edited by Chris Vavra, associate editor, Control Engineering, CFE Media and technology, cvavra@cfemedia.com.

Advanced control schemes can’t produce optimum results unless the diesel common rail fuel valve F00rj01428 operate properly. Instrument technicians must understand these final control elements as well as their diagnostic software to ensure the valves in the plant operate as the system designers intended.

Renewed interest in the performance of control valves is emerging, partly as a result of numerous plant audits that indicate roughly one-third of installed control valves are operating at substandard levels. Even though properly operating control valves are essential to overall plant efficiency and product quality, maintenance personnel frequently don’t recognize the signs of poor performance. The basics of control valve design and operation must be well understood for end-users to reap the benefits of improved valve operation.

Basic types of control valves

The most common and versatile types of control valves are sliding-stem globe and angle valves (see Figure 1). Their popularity derives from rugged construction and the many options available that make them suitable for a variety of process applications, including severe service. For example, sliding stem valves typically are available with options that satisfy a range of requirements for ANSI Class pressure-temperature ratings, shutoff capability, size, temperature compatibility and flow characteristics.

Achieving complete valve shutoff is important in many applications to prevent leakage that either could contaminate a process fluid or result in product loss. Tight shutoff also prevents erosion damage that could occur if a high-velocity stream leaked across seating surfaces.

Many control valves are oversized as a result of inaccurate information and safety margins added by each individual or group that participates in the sizing procedure. Oversized valves are a problem for three reasons.

First, the valve operation may become unstable because it never opens very far from the fully closed position. Process gain is generally high when the valve is throttling near its seat. The combined valve and process gains may be too high to maintain stable operation at low lifts. Second, excessive seat wear may result from high velocity flows between the closure member and the seating surface. Third, the design flow characteristic may not be achieved, resulting in controller tuning problems.

Control valves are a common element in the process and manufacturing industry. They control the fluid flow in the attached network. The fluid goes into one side of the valve; its flow is adjusted and comes out the other side. The fluid flow can be controlled by manual or automatic mechanisms and comes in various shapes, sizes, and applications.

Controlling the flow rate of process fluids enables personnel to control many relevant parameters. For example, the temperature in a closed container is directly proportional to the steam pressure being applied to it. Similarly, water flow in a vessel storage system is monitored and controlled to prevent overflow.

The flow of these fluids can be effectively controlled by installing control valves. They are available for various fluids, such as steam, water, and chemicals. Some can also withstand harsh environments, such as high temperatures and toxic chemicals.

Manual control valves are simple—humans manually control the opening of the valve through a manual mechanism such as a handle. The handle’s motion is directly connected with the internal valve mechanism, which controls the fluid flow.

Control Valves with Feedback Signals

Another control valve style uses a feedback signal to control the fluid flow. Before controlling the valve working, let’s briefly introduce feedback signals, electrical to pneumatic converters, and actuators.

Feedback Signal

The feedback signal monitors the target system for flow requirements. If the feedback signal detects any need to increase or decrease the fluid flow, it alerts the valve. The valve then responds and adjusts its opening to accommodate the fluid flow. The feedback signal can be electrical or pneumatic, and is often from a programmable logic controller (PLC) or electrical controller, which monitors the change in fluid flow requirement.

Electrical to Pneumatic Signal Converter

The control valve accepts feedback signals in the form of air. In the case of the electrical feedback signal, the signal is converted to equivalent pneumatic pressure. The electrical to pneumatic converter converts the incoming electrical feedback signal to equal pneumatic pressure, fed to the control valve as a feedback signal.

Examples of pneumatic converters include a current-to-pressure transducer that converts the incoming current to a pneumatic signal.

Actuator

The actuator is a component attached to the injector control valve F00rj02130, which controls the valve movement. Without the actuator, the internal mechanism of the valve cannot be moved.

The feedback pneumatic signal comes to the actuator, directly connected to the main valve body. The main control valve moves relative to the actuator. When the feedback signal becomes high—indicating a more increased flow—the actuator closes, closing the main valve.

When the feedback signal decreases—indicating low flow—the actuator opens, simultaneously opening the valve to increase the flow.

 

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PP Woven and Non-Woven Reusable Bags

Plastic is quickly becoming a vulgarity within the environmental community. Its production requires the use of nonrenewable resources, many types of plastics are difficult or impossible to recycle, and lightweight plastics easily end up in our oceans killing our wildlife.

But, not all plastic is the same, and some plastic materials can actually be more environmentally friendly than some non-plastic materials. This study, for example, recommends multi-use plastics over single-use biodegradable options, like paper.

Such is the case with pp bag. Although they are still a plastic material, because they can be reused many times, they’re a much better option than single-use plastic bags, and some studies have shown that they can even be a better option than cotton reusable bags due to the significant environmental footprint involved in the production of cotton.

Unconvinced? Here’s a quick guide to polypropylene pp rice bag, their environmental impact, and the difference between them.

Polypropylene is a thermoplastic polymer. In basic terms, it’s a type of plastic.

One of the most common plastics in the world, polypropylene is inexpensive, lightweight, durable, water resistant, and malleable, making it useful for several applications. Polypropylene is used in plastic containers, luggage, outdoor furniture, reusable water bottles, and more.

A non-woven PP reusable bag is a shopping bag made from a non-woven polypropylene textile. This textile is created by spinning polypropylene into threads that are then bonded together using heat.

This creates a durable textile that’s similar to canvas. It’s inexpensive, lightweight, and provides a common alternative to the single-use plastic bag. In fact, many retailers offer non-woven PP bags to their customers at little or no cost, like they would a single-use plastic bag.

You can even find laminated non-woven pp fertilier bag which are water resistant and slightly more durable than the non-laminated options.

Although non-woven PP bags are made from plastic, studies show that non-woven PP bags are still a more environmentally-friendly alternative to single-use options as long as the bags are used multiple times.

A woven polypropylene reusable bag is a shopping bag made from an interwoven polypropylene textile. It’s created by weaving strips of polypropylene textile to create a durable material. Many woven PP shopping bags are also waterproof and leak resistant.

Like non-woven PP reusable bags, woven PP bags are inexpensive, light, and a more eco-friendly option than single-use options as long as they are used multiple times.

They are more durable than non-woven PP bags, which means that they can be used longer, and they can carry up to 40 pounds, making them an ideal option for grocery shopping or other similar activities.

What is the environmental impact of PP woven and non-woven bags?

It’s impossible to find a material that won’t have some sort of environmental impact. Even if the textile is 100% biodegradable, the process of harvesting the materials, shipping the materials, and finally creating the textile has an impact of its own. Therefore, it’s important that businesses and consumers consider the entire lifespan of the reusable bag, from material production to waste management, so that they can be aware of the environmental impact and the best ways to minimize it.

PP fabrics, both woven and non-woven, are durable, water resistant, and reusable. This means that you can use them for quite some time before you see wear and tear. Additionally, because they can be used multiple times, and they are recyclable, they won’t end up in a landfill or as ocean-bound plastic like single-use plastic bags will.

PP woven and non-woven bags are versatile, strong, recyclable, and they have a surprisingly low environmental impact for a plastic material. They’re lightweight, they can come in many colors and designs, and because they’re durable, they’ll look good for a long time.

Why should my company choose PP reusable bags?

PP reusable bags offer an ideal alternative to single-use plastic bags. They boast many of the benefits of plastic bags—they’re waterproof, lightweight, and inexpensive—with the added benefits of durability, reusability, and recyclability. This places them head and shoulders above single-use plastic.

If your company has been interested in an alternative to pp pet feed bag, but you didn’t want to invest in more expensive textile options, then PP woven and non-woven bags offer an excellent choice. Check out Bkbags’ PP selection today.

Polypropylene (PP) is a thermoplastic resin made by polymerizing propylene. Polypropylene woven bags also include copolymers of propylene and a small amount of ethylene. Polypropylene is usually a translucent colorless solid, odorless and non-toxic. Due to the regular structure and high crystallization of polypropylene, its melting point is as high as 167 ° C. Its finished products can be steam-sterilized is its outstanding advantage. Its density is 0.90g / cm3, which is the lightest general-purpose plastic. Its strength, rigidity, and transparency are better than polyethylene.

Pacific Bags Australia has a wide range of sizes of woven polypropylene bags. These bags are an excellent solution for packing 30-50 KG of dry material. These pouches are made from a woven polypropylene fabric that is strong and resistant to punctures. PP woven sachets are available in laminated or non-laminated forms depending on the material. This material is a commonly used material, which is a translucent material in polypropylene woven bags. When using this material, it will not produce any poisonous effect, and it will not have any odor. We can process pp into plastic woven bags, which are widely used in the packaging industry. When processing this material, woven bag manufacturers need to burn it to its melting point, 167 degrees Celsius, so it will have strong heat resistance when it is used later. Steam will also be used for disinfection so that all products will not be damaged during use. It is worth mentioning that the products made from pp have a very small density, so the product is very lightweight and more convenient for us to use. Moreover, the plastic woven bag made of this material also has high strength and corrosion resistance, so as a popular packaging product now, it is not only lightweight and durable but also can be recycled after use; it is truly a popular packaging product.

Advantages of polypropylene woven bag

 #1. Heat resistance of polypropylene woven bags:

The heat resistance of polypropylene is stronger than that of polyethylene. Generally, the melting point of polypropylene is about 40% -50% higher than that of polyethylene, about 160-170 ° C, so the product can be sterilized at a temperature above 100 ° C. It does not deform at 150 ° C under the condition of no external force. Similarly, in the field of ordinary packaging bags, polyethylene packaging bags are more suitable for use below 90 ° C, while polypropylene packaging bags can also be used at relatively higher temperatures.

 #2 Rigidity and tensile strength of polypropylene woven bags:

Polypropylene is mainly characterized by low density, better mechanical properties than polyethylene, and outstanding rigidity. For example, polypropylene has gradually started to compete with engineering plastics (PA / PC) and is widely used in Electronic appliances, automotive fields. In addition, polypropylene has high tensile strength and good bending resistance. It will not turn white when it is bent one million times, which also provides clues for us to identify polypropylene products, and also becomes a hidden mark for the recycling classification of products.

#3. After decades of development, polypropylene woven bags have undergone great changes in appearance, quality, and use.

In appearance, the pp woven bag woven with mixed-colour flat silk looks more beautiful and has a certain three-dimensional sense. In terms of quality, the quality of current pp woven bags is subject to national supervision, and the quality must meet the unified national standards before it can flow to the market. In terms of use, pp flour bag have been used not only for transportation of food and grain or construction of dams but also for shopping and shopping as a tote bag, which is more environmentally friendly. At the same time, some stores also use it as a packaging bag.

1.Agricultural product packaging and replacing paper cement packaging bags

Currently, due to product resource and price issues, 6 billion woven bags are used in cement packaging in China each year, accounting for more than 85% of bulk cement packaging. With the development and application of flexible container bags, plastic woven bags are widely used in marine, transportation, packaging, and agricultural products. In agricultural product packaging, plastic woven bags have been widely used in aquatic product packaging, poultry feed packaging, and farm covering materials. Common products: feed woven bags, chemical woven bags, the putty powder is woven bags, urea woven bags, vegetable mesh bags, fruit mesh bags, etc.

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2.Food packaging

In recent years, rice, flour, and other food packaging have gradually been packed in pp woven bags. Common woven bags are rice woven bags, flour woven bags, corn woven bags, and other woven bags.

3.Tourism and transportation

Temporary tents, parasols, and various travel bags have plastic woven fabrics. Various tarpaulins are widely used as covering materials for transportation and storage, replacing cotton tarpaulins that are prone to mildew. It is also widely used in fences and nets in construction. Common products: logistics bags, logistics packaging bags, freight bags, freight packaging bags, etc.

4. Daily necessities

Working, farming, shipping, and gathering, no one does not use plastic woven products, in stores, warehouses, homes, plastic woven products are everywhere. The padding material for chemical fiber carpets has also been replaced by plastic braids.

5. Anti-flood materials

The construction of flood resistance, dams, riverbanks, railways, and highways is also indispensable for woven bags. They are anti-woven bags, drought-proof bags, and flood-proof bags!

6.Special woven bag

Some industries require special woven bags, such as carbon black bags, which are not usually used due to special factors. Carbon black bag’s biggest feature: sun protection. That is, the carbon black woven bag has a stronger sun protection ability than the ordinary woven bag.

The ordinary woven bag cannot withstand long-term exposure to the sun. There are also anti-UV woven bags: with anti-ultraviolet function, anti-aging function, etc.

Market dynamics of polypropylene woven bag

According to research in the “Polypropylene Woven Bag and Sack Market”, countries are passing legislation prohibiting the use of plastic bags and imposing taxes to offset the environmental impact of the production and disposal of plastic bags. Although the materials used in polypropylene woven bags and sacks are not completely biodegradable, these bags can be reused and recycled, so the environmental hazards associated with polyethylene (PE) have led to the use of PP woven bags and sacks as more sustainable s Choice. In fact, with the steady increase in demand, the production of polypropylene woven bags and sacks is becoming a profitable small business. According to the British “Daily Mail” report, in the field of fast-moving consumer goods, the expansion of the retail industry has led to a surge in retail outlets, which will continue to bode well for the growth of the PP woven bags and sacks market.

Previously, the initiative on the ban on plastic bags has been widely accepted by countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Therefore, the Asia-Pacific region (excluding Japan) led by the fast-moving consumer goods industry has naturally become the backbone of the global PP woven bag and sack market. The middle-class population in the region also Is proliferating. In addition, most of the polypropylene woven bags in the Asia-Pacific region are mainly concentrated in China and India.

The market demands of polypropylene woven bags.

As the demand for packaging products continues to grow, major manufacturers in the Asia Pacific region realize that the needs of consumers and end-use industries are constantly changing. They will focus on the production of PP woven bags and sacks, and launch a variety of products. Strive to be a reliable manufacturer of custom woven bags. They export more than half of their products to the United States, Canada, the UAE, Australia, Germany, and the United Kingdom. These manufacturers are also accelerating their entry into Eastern European and South African polypropylene woven bags markets.

From the perspective of value and sales volume, the popular open-mouth bags dominate the PP woven bags and sacks market, which together account for more than 50% of the market share. Due to cost, strength, and environmental reasons, laminated polypropylene is woven bags, and sacks are more favored than non-laminated polypropylene woven bags and sacks, accounting for 60% of global sales. According to Fac.MR (India, Pune) research, the PP woven bag market is expected to achieve a compound annual growth rate of 4% between 2018 and 2028.

Since most thermoplastics are petroleum-based and non-biodegradable, they will not rot, decompose, and will not be affected by microbial degradation. The threat of resource consumption by petroleum products prompts the industry to develop and increase recycled thermoplastic materials. Plastic has become an inevitable trend of sustainable development. In addition, the growing demand for thermoplastic materials in various applications in the electronics, automotive, and manufacturing industries will also promote the development of the global recycled thermoplastic market.

The Asia-Pacific region is the largest market for the production of polypropylene raw materials and recycled thermoplastics because of the huge demand for polypropylene products from the fast-moving consumer goods, packaging, and construction industries in the Asia-Pacific region, and the increasing awareness of the strong market potential of the polypropylene plastics recycling industry in the society, Driving the area to lead the world in the demand for recycled polypropylene plastics. Europe also has a considerable share of the global market for recycled thermoplastics. The increased use of recycled thermoplastics in the automotive industry, coupled with strict recycling regulations, is expected to drive growth in the European region over the forecast period in polypropylene woven bags.

Conclusion:

The applications of thermoplastics are diverse, but the properties of polypropylene make it more widely used. Especially with the environmental protection consciousness, people’s awareness of sustainable development and renewables is gradually increasing.

Because polypropylene woven bags has many outstanding advantages, the plastic woven bag industry has a preference for polypropylene from raw material suppliers to woven bag manufacturers to end consumers. In the past ten years, polypropylene’s global plastics market share has increased significantly.

Waste classification is becoming more and more perfect, and the recycling and utilization of plastic bags have also been put on the agenda by many countries. We always produce plastic waste in our daily life, and the various environmental pollution caused by this plastic waste is getting more and more attention. Therefore, the use of recycled polypropylene woven bags is a general trend, and its market prospects will attract much attention.

 

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