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Animal Ethics Biosafety Human Research Ethics Research Integrity

Is AI really helpful in spotting doctored images in manuscripts? – AIM (Avi Gopani | December 2021)

Posted by Dr Gary Allen in Research Integrity on January 14, 2022
Keywords: International, Publication ethics, Research Misconduct, Research results

The Linked Original Item was Posted On December 28, 2021

Graphic about machine learning and artificial intelligence.

The year 2021 has witnessed publications like the AACR, Wiley, and Frontiers, leveraging AI on their peer-reviewed manuscripts to identify duplicated images and alert the editors automatically.

If you have ever proofread an article for a friend or read research papers for work, you would know the concentration and hard work that goes into ensuring a given written work is original. The publishing industry undergoes this challenge but on a daily basis and with bigger manuscripts. And if plagiarism checks weren’t enough, we now have deepfakes, allowing authors to fabricate images. Doubled edged sword, the same AI allowing the creation of such deepfakes, is now stepping in to help organisations spot duplication.

Members of our team are fans of science fiction but even they will grudgingly admit, its impact hasn’t always been positive.  Talk to most people about AI and it will conjure images of anthropomorphic terrifying metallic machines striding across an apocalyptic planet or computers hellbent on world domination or at least stealing our jobs. But that kind of thinking isn’t a useful frame for thinking about the challenges and opportunities ahead. AI on its own really isn’t there for sotting dodgy images but humans and algorithms/machine learning working together is showing real promise.

The year 2021 has witnessed publications like the AACR, Wiley, and Frontiers, leveraging AI on their peer-reviewed manuscripts to identify duplicated images and alert the editors automatically. The softwares can tag images that have been doctored, rotated, flipped, filtered and stretched. These companies are still early adopters of the software, and the software is also in its initial stages; not a close match for professional deepfakes. But, the technique is surely a step in the right direction from manual scanning that is not foolproof.

Nature has identified four publishers that have automated the process to spot duplications before publishing manuscripts in a feature. “Specialists say a wave of automated image-checking assistants could sweep through the scientific publishing industry in the next few years, much as using software to check manuscripts for plagiarism became routine a decade ago,” explained Nature.

Cover image for the AIM article, 'Is AI really helpful in spotting doctored images in manuscripts?'
Is AI really helpful in spotting doctored images in manuscripts?
The year 2021 has witnessed publications like the AACR, Wiley, and Frontiers, leveraging AI on their peer-reviewed manuscripts to identify duplicated images and alert the editors automatically.

Related Reading

(EU) Europe’s Proposed Limits on AI Would Have Global Consequences – WIRED (Will Knight | April 2021)

Where is artificial intelligence taking publishing? – Research Information (Sally Ekanayaka | November 2021)

(China and Australia) Chinese facial recognition scholar ‘ignored questions, went home’ – Times Higher Education (John Ross | )

Can AI be used ethically to assist peer review? – LSE Impact Blog (Alessandro Checco | May 2021)

Is it time to extend the required membership of research ethics committees?

Fighting Fiction with Fiction: A novel approach to engaging the public in bioethics of medical research

Ask The Chefs: AI and Scholarly Communications – Scholarly Kitchen (Ann Michael | April 2019)

(US) Safeguards for human studies can’t cope with big data – Nature (Nathaniel Raymond | April 2019)

AI peer reviewers unleashed to ease publishing grind – Science (Douglas Heaven | November 2018)

‘Silicon Valley is ethically lost’: Google grapples with reaction to its new ‘horrifying’ and uncanny AI tech – Financial Post (Mark Bergen | May 2018)

Algorithms Are Opinions Embedded in Code – Scholarly Kitchen (David Crotty | January 2018)

AI Research is in Desperate Need of an Ethical Watchdog – Wired (Sophia Chen | September 2017)

AI Gaydar Study Gets Another Look – Inside Higher Ed (Colleen Flaherty | September 2017)

Should A.I. Have a Role in Science Publishing? – Science Friday (Adam Marcus | February 2017)

What Is Big Data? A Super-Easy Intro For Everyone – LinkedIn (Bernard Marr | March 2017)

Artificial Intelligence Could Dig Up Cures Buried Online – Wired (Bahar Gholipour | November 2016)

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