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Academic Citations Evolve to Include Indigenous Oral Teachings – Eos (Katherine Kornei | November 2021)

Posted by Dr Gary Allen in on November 16, 2021

The Linked Original Item was Posted On November 8, 2021

Aboriginal cave art Australia

A librarian has developed citation templates for oral teachings shared by members of Indigenous communities.

In 2018, MacLeod began developing citation templates for oral teachings. She relied on input from people associated with the Indigenous Student Centre at NorQuest College in Edmonton, where she was working at the time. The goal was to create templates that went beyond the abbreviated personal communication citation that was, at the time, the de facto way of referencing an oral source, said MacLeod. “There’s a lot of information in these templates that doesn’t exist in the original ‘personal communication’ version. It really allows us to be able to name our people in conjunction with their stories and the knowledge they were stewards of.”

“It’s a way of leveling the playing ground to bring more awareness to Indigenous science.”

The templates, which are available online, include options to include the name of the person being cited, their nation or community, where they live, and the subject of the communication, among other information. They’re available for both American Psychological Association (APA) and Modern Language Association (MLA) citation styles, and MacLeod is committed to supporting people who wish to adapt the templates to other styles as well. These templates are currently in use by roughly 25 colleges and universities across Canada and the United States.

Some elements of the attitudes and approach to Indigenous knowledge appears to be at last improving.  An important component of this is having a good approach to citing and acknowledging First People traditional knowledge.  Coupled with a strong approach to Data Sovereignty.

This work is important because most people in Western societies grew up receiving a Western education, said Nancy C. Maryboy (Cherokee/Navajo), president and executive director of the Indigenous Education Institute in Friday Harbor, Wash. “Very few people know what Indigenous science is.” These templates give scholars the opportunity to present and acknowledge Indigenous ways of knowing, she said. “It’s a way of leveling the playing ground to bring more awareness to Indigenous science.”

“Limitations in the Academic System”

Lorisia MacLeod, learning services librarian at the Alberta Library in Edmonton, Alta., Canada, first realized there was a need for better citation tools for oral communication while studying anthropology as an undergraduate. Several of her professors repeatedly emphasized how difficult it was to properly acknowledge the unrecorded oral teachings of Indigenous communities in their research. They “drilled home the point that there were limitations in the academic system,” MacLeod said.

Academic Citations Evolve to Include Indigenous Oral Teachings - Eos
A librarian has developed citation templates for oral teachings shared by members of Indigenous communities.

Related Reading

(US) A Caltech scientist has apologized for damaging a sacred site. Is it enough? – Los Angeles Times (Louis Sahagún | July 2021)

(Australia) ‘World standard’ review for Australian research assessment – Times Higher Education (John Ross | June 2021)

(US) Land seizures, ‘unethical’ research: University of Minnesota confronts troubled history with tribal nations – StarTribune (Ryan Faircloth | April 2021)

Principles of Māori & Indigenous research ethics (An annotated bibliography by Dr Lily George)

Indigenous intellectual property – YouTube (Terri Janke | March 2019)

I came into the research world because what I was reading didn’t tell the story of our people – The Guardian (Michelle Bovill for IndigenousX | November 2020)

Indigenous Evaluation Strategy – PIC

Indigenous Data Sovereignty in the era of Big Data and Open Data (Papers: Maggie Walter, et al | October 2020)

New Protocols on First Nations Cultural and Intellectual Property – Australia Council for the Arts (Brianna Roberts | September 2020)

Reframing Indigenous consultation: engagement and risk management

An Antiracist Framework for Scholarly Publishing – Scholarly Kitchen (Niccole Coggins, et al | August 2020)

There’s ‘consent’ and then there’s consent: Mobilising Māori and Indigenous research ethics to problematise the western biomedical model (Papers: Kiri West-McGruer | January 2020)

Aboriginal genome analysis comes to grips with ethics – Nature (Ewen Callaway | September 2011)

The picture talk project: Aboriginal community input on consent for research (Papers: Emily FM Fitzpatrick, et al | 2019)

Research, Ethics and Indigenous Peoples: An Australian Indigenous perspective on three threshold considerations for respectful engagement (Ambelin Kwaymullina | 2016)

Canada sued over years of alleged experimentation on indigenous people – The Guardian (Ashifa Kassam | May 2018)

Ethics in Indigenous Research: Past Experiences – Future Challenges (Books: Anna-Lill Drugge (ed.) | 2016)

Making Indigenous research ethics a compulsory facet of supervisor development and student training

Research Ethics: A Source Guide to Conducting Research with Indigenous Peoples (Indigenous Geography 2016)

Critical and Indigenous Perspectives on Research Ethics in the Social Sciences

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